城乡融合背景下粤港澳大湾区都市农业发展研究

从都市农业对城乡融合发展的经济、生态、社会贡献出发，分析了粤港澳大湾区城乡融合发展对都市农业的需求：一是大湾区城市空间扩展和农业生产用地保护利用，二是大湾区城乡要素系统的优化配置，三是大湾区建设成为高质量一流湾区，四是大湾区建设成为城乡融合发展的典范，这些需求都需要都市农业提供新的解决思路和方案。在此基础上，提出大湾区都市农业发展的六大原则：灵活多样、合作共享、适度规模、长期战略、技术利用、资源循环利用；并提出以下政策建议：一是转变观念，充分认识都市农业的功能与意义；二是明确发展方向，因地制宜发展都市农业；三是制定政策法规，确定都市农业的合法地位；四是加强舆论引导，吸引公众对都市农业的广泛参与和普遍支持；五是加强宜机化农田建设，增加都市农业设施装备和经营管理投入；六是加强都市农业理论模式和政策法规的研究。     

Vegetation,Wildlife, and Livestock Responses to Planned Grazing Management in an African Pastoral Landscape

Rangelands are vital for wildlife conservation and socio‐economic well‐being, but many face widespread degradation because in part of poor grazing management practices. Planned grazing management, typically involving time‐controlled rotational livestock grazing, is widely touted as a tool for promoting sustainable rangelands. However, real‐world assessments of its efficacy have been lacking in communal pastoral landscapes globally, and especially in Africa. We performed landscape‐scale assessment of the effects of planned grazing on selected vegetation, wildlife, and cattle attributes across wide‐ranging communally managed pastoral rangelands in northern Kenya. We found that planned grazing enhanced vegetation condition through a 17% increase in normalized difference vegetation index, 45–234% increases in herbaceous vegetation foliar cover, species richness and diversity, and a 70% reduction in plant basal gap. In addition, planned grazing increased the presence (44%) and species richness (53%) of wild ungulates and improved cattle weight gain (>71%) during dry periods when cattle were in relatively poor condition. These changes occurred relatively rapidly (within 5 years) and despite grazing incursion incidents and higher livestock stocking rates in planned grazing areas. These results demonstrate, for the first time in Africa, the positive effects of planned grazing implementation in communal pastoral rangelands. These improvements can have broad implications for biodiversity conservation and pastoral livelihoods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interrelationships between herd management practices and udder health status using canonical correspondence analysis

The relationships between the herd-level distribution of udder health measures (traumatic, physical, functional and congestive udder disorders, clinical mastitis and somatic cell counts (SCC) greater than 400 × 10³, ml⁻¹) and farm (general hygiene, milking practices and housing system) and aggregated individual characteristics were studied by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). This is a correspondence-analysis technique in which the axes representing disease patterns are expressed as linear combinations of potentially explanatory variables. These main axes can be drawn so that the distribution of diseases for combinations of the main-explanatory managerial variables can be visualized. The type of quarantine for newcomers, type of animal housing, presence of shelter at pasture, use of udder towel before milking, milk production and loss of body condition after calving, were strongly correlated with udder health status. Mastitis and physical udder disorders were associated with the combination of no introduction of replacement heifers and low loss of body condition after calving. Congestive disorders were more common on farms when no quarantine for newcomers was combined with high loss of body condition after calving. Higher clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence risks were associated with the combination of no udder towel, loose housing with high animal density and high milk production. In most cases, clinical mastitis and high SCC were explained by the same covariates but with contrasting levels of those covariates.     

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.     

机插稻大田耕整质量与稻草还田技术研究

大田试验结果表明:在确保规范化、标准化育秧的前提下,机插早稻大田田面平整度应小于3.0 cm,才能较好地保证机插质量;二晚机插大田稻草还田量应控制在80%以内,并结合施入适量氮素,加速稻草分解。     

三峡库区万州段投饵网箱养鱼对底泥水化因子的影响

2005年6月至2006年4月对长江三峡库区投饵网箱养殖区上游、网箱养殖区以及网箱养殖区下游底泥中有机物耗氧量、TN、NO3-N、TP、硫化物等指标进行了监测。结果显示,网箱养殖区及网箱下游底泥有机物耗氧量和总磷含量分别高出对照区5.4～6.5 mg/g和0.03～0.08 g/kg,网箱养殖区及网箱下游底泥总氮含量及硝态氮含量分别高出对照区40～80 mg/kg和0.8～1.2 mg/kg,网箱养殖区及网箱下游底层水的硫化物含量平均值分别高出对照区1.3 mg/L和0.11 mg/L。     

基于动态邻域的交叉路口车流检测

本文在根据实际交通场景确定图像的检测区域后,将检测区域划分为直行区域和左转区域,进而利用动态邻域确定了不同区域的车辆排队长度,并且转换成实际的长度,然后利用一组图像求得排队长度的变化速度.通过在计算机上的实验,证实该法适应能力强、计算量小,计算速度快,准确度高.     

编制photoshop7.0外接程序辅助计算林业调查及规划设计地形图勾绘小班扫描图面积

详细介绍了利用windows API功能调用,编制photoshop7.0外接程序,实现林业调查及规划设计中计算地形图勾绘小班扫描位图面积的方法。     

应用草地农业系统理论发展半农半牧区农村经济

在半农半牧区，草地农业系统的植物生产过程应包含种植生植物和一年生饲料作物两方面，动物生产过程是以草食畜禽为主综合发展的畜牧业生产，把草地农业系统理论应用到生产实践中，就是广泛建立生态模式家庭牧场，以期达到增加收入和农牧业持发展的目的。规划固定饲物用地可使耕种农业形成新的三元种植结构。畜牧业的发展和农业种植结构的变化，必将促进农村经济的有效和可持续发展。     

秦巴地区视野下的达州区域旅游合作探讨

达州旅游资源丰富,旅游业发展在全国却相对滞后,与秦巴地区进行区域旅游合作,是其发展旅游业的有效途径。达州应发挥资源、交通、经济、文化等优势,通过旅游一体化战略,组建秦巴无障碍旅游区,切实促进达州旅游快速、稳定的发展。